Аннотация:The workshop aimed to provide an overview of the relationships between biodiversity and climate change including: (a) The impacts and risks of plausible future changes in climate (e.g., on different time horizons and for different warming levels such as 1.5°C, 2°C, 3°C, and 4°C compared to pre-industrial, considering nonlinearitiesand associated thresholds for irreversiblechanges in the climate system and in ecosystems) for terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biodiversity, nature’s contributions to people and quality of life; (b) The feedbacks of plausible changes in biodiversity on climate characteristics and change; (c) Building on scientific as well as indigenous and local knowledge, the workshop then focused on opportunities to meet both climate change and biodiversity-related objectives, and on the risks of considering these two issues separately, including: (d) The opportunities, challenges, and risks of climate change mitigation and adaptation options (e.g., bioenergy and carbon capture and storage and large-scale afforestation, reforestation, and ecosystem restoration) for biodiversity, nature’s contributions to people, and the quality of life; (e) The impact of biodiversity conservation and sustainable use practices on greenhouse gas emissions (i.e., climate feedbacks); (f) An evaluation of the synergies, trade-offs and effectiveness of policies and governance structures that simultaneously address climate change and biodiversity loss at all scales, including in urban areas; (g) Key scientific uncertainties.