Аннотация:The geophysical and geological data of the Rub’ al-Khali 10 km deep Phanerozoic sedimentary basin in the southeast of the Arabian Plate were considered. The basin is located away from the Zagros mountain-fold structure. The main part of the sedimentary filling was accumulated in the basin before the onset of the collision on the northeastern boundary of the plate. Both circumstances exclude the formation of a basin resulting from elastic bending of the lithosphere under the load of an overthrust nappe. An analysis of the seismic profiling data together with the crustal subsidence history shows that basin formation was not accompanied by significant stretching of the lithosphere. The Arabian Plate, during its drift within the continental blocks of Gondwana, has traveled a difficult path of many thousands of kilometers over half a billion years. This excludes the possibility that descending mantle currents beneath the lithosphere play a significant role in crustal subsidence. Under these conditions, the only known cause of major crustal subsidence in the Rub’ al-Khali Basin is the rock contraction in its lower part due to prograde metamorphism. This same mechanism was the primary cause of crustal subsidence during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic in the world’s largest sedimentary basin, the West Siberian Basin. It may also be linked to the formation of many other similar structures on the continents and their margins.