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Ecological and Geochemical Study of Heavy Metal Distribution in Soils of the Railway Impact Zone within the Valdai National Parkстатья
- Авторы: Kolesnikova V.M., Tsutsura E.Y., Ladonin D.V.
- Журнал: Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin
- Том: 81
- Год издания: 2026
- Издательство: Allerton Press Inc.
- Местоположение издательства: United States
- Первая страница: 61
- Последняя страница: 74
- DOI: 10.3103/S0147687425700759
- Аннотация: The paper presents the results of a study of the impact of rail transport on forest ecosystems of the Valdai National Park. Comprehensive scientific studies of the impact of railways on specially protected natural areas were not previously performed. The location of the park in an important transport corridor affects the ecological status of natural systems. Unlike most territories, through which railway communication is carried out, the site chosen for research enables the assessment of the environmental impact of railway transport in the absence of other anthropogenic sources of load. The gross content of heavy metals and metalloids in soils of the section adjacent to the railway and of the background territories of the park has been determined. The analysis of the gross content of heavy metals in soil samples taken in 5-m increments from the railway embankment has shown an excess of the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of some elements at a distance of 30 meters from the track. The MPC is exceeded for manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, and lead. A high content of elements such as strontium, barium, copper, and iron is recorded at the embankment. The calculation of quantitative parameters of soil contamination shows that the contamination is strong at the embankment and at a distance of 25 and 30 m from it. The correlation analysis has been conducted, and a model for the distribution of heavy metals and metalloids is presented. The identification of the role of natural plant communities in the migration and accumulation of pollutants is an important result of the study. It is found that the gray alder forest, located 30 m away from the embankment, acts as the first mechanical barrier that limits the spread of heavy metals. The second barrier is formed by the sorrel spruce forest, which grows 43 m away from the railway track. These natural filters help to reduce the migration intensity of pollutants deep into the forest. The excess of the MPC for manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, and cadmium in soils is associated with the wear and tear of railway transport facilities (wheels, rails, and wagons). Arsenic is a component of diesel particulate matter. The increased copper content is related to railway lubrication, and barium and strontium indicate the use of carbonate crushed stone on railway embankments. The results obtained contribute to understanding the mechanisms of the spread of pollutants from linear transport facilities, are of practical importance for the development of environmental protection measures, and may be used to normalize the impact of rail transport within specially protected natural areas.
- Добавил в систему: Колесникова Варвара Михайловна