Аннотация:Proposals for the creation of the NEUTRONIUM lunar observatory are given. Simulation results and the design of the observatory are presented. An original idea of cosmic ray particle energy measurement for high and ultrahigh energies is proposed. According to this idea, radiation scattered in the opposite direction relative to the direction of arrival of particles (radio waves, neutrons, gamma, charged particles) from hadronic and electromagnetic cascades created by the primary particle in the lunar regolith is registered on the Moon surface.
