Аннотация:The article presents the results of a study of the consequences of changes in the trophic status of a soil ecosystem. For this purpose, experimental soil eutrophication was carried out from 2011 to 2019 by annually adding different concentrations of organic or mineral substances to different areas, and then its oligotrophication - stopping the addition of any substances to these soils from 2019 to 2025. The abundance and activity of the microbial community in such soil areas were determined after the completion of eutrophication and after the completion of arbitrary oligotrophication. The number of microorganisms was determined using the qPCR (number of ribosomal gene copies) and CFU methods, and the activity of the microbial community was determined by determining basal and substrate-induced respiration in soil samples. The soil health parameter was calculated in these soil samples after the completion of oligotrophication. The quantitative results obtained showed that the methods used to assess the consequences of oligotrophication are sufficiently sensitive, visual and suitable for monitoring the fate of the soil microbial community. Overall, the long-term multifactorial experiment serves as a prototype for the development of methods for practical management of the natural microbial community in soil ecosystems.