Аннотация:本研究探讨了中国能源行业研发税收筹划从财政优化工具向企业投资战略组成部分的转变。在全球税制改革（包括BEPS行动计划和第二支柱最低税框架）的背景下，本研究首先比较了国际上研发激励机制，然后重点分析了中国独特的政策框架。研究采用比较案例研究方法，数据来源于中国石油天然气集团公司（CNPC）、中国石化（Sinopec）、中国海洋石油集团公司（CNOOC）等主要能源企业以及领先的煤炭企业的企业报告。研究发现，中国将研发超额扣除与高新技术企业制度相结合的双管齐下策略，构建了一个既支持投入成本又支持产出商业化的综合体系。证据表明，能源企业如何根据可用的税收优惠政策，战略性地调整其研发组合，尽管具体实施方式会因企业结构和会计实务的不同而存在显著差异。研究结论认为，在当今全球税收环境下，有效的研发税收筹划需要在保持实质性经济活动的同时，平衡本地激励措施和国际合规义务。This study examines the transformation of research and development tax planning from a tool for fiscal optimization to a strategic component of corporate investment strategy within China’s energy sector. Against the backdrop of global tax reforms including BEPS initiatives and the Pillar Two minimum tax framework, the analysis compares international approaches to R&D incentives before focusing on China’s unique policy framework. The investigation employs a comparative case study methodology, drawing on corporate reporting frommajor energy corporations including CNPC, Sinopec, CNOOC, and leading coal companies. Findings reveal that China’s dual approach combining R&D super deductions with the High and New Technology Enterprise regime has created a comprehensive system that supports both input costs and output commercialization. The evidence demonstrates how energy corporations strategically align their R&Dportfolios with available tax incentives, though implementation varies significantly based on corporate structure and accounting practices. The study concludes that effective R&D tax planning in the contemporary global tax environment requiresbalancing local incentives with international compliance obligations while maintaining substantive economic activity.
