Аннотация:Various aspects of the use of forced labor in the Soviet Union during World War II in the framework of mobilization economy in its extreme mode are considered. The focus is on changes in the Gulag’s functions, the size and structure of its labor force, and working and living conditions of prisoners in 1941–1945. Archival data on the economic activity of the camp system during the war years and its contribution to the objectives of the Soviet military economy are analyzed.