DLP-based 3D printing of a perspective biomedical allograft material sourced from natural tissues

Chugunov, S.S.; Tikhonov, A.A.; Kholodkova, A.A.; Bilyalov, A.R.; Piatnitskaia, S.V.; Shangina, O.R.; Akhatov, I.S.; Pavlov, V.N.

Авторы: Chugunov S.S., Tikhonov A.A., Kholodkova A.A., Bilyalov A.R., Piatnitskaia S.V., Shangina O.R., Akhatov I.Sh, Pavlov V.N.
Журнал: Ceramics International
Том: 51
Номер: 21A
Год издания: 2025
Издательство: Pergamon Press Ltd.
Местоположение издательства: United Kingdom
Первая страница: 32608
Последняя страница: 32622
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.04.439
Аннотация: This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing an allograft material derived from human cadaver cortical bone as a source for Digital Light Processing-based additive manufacturing. The calcined allograft medical product is milled and transformed into a photopolymerizable feedstock for 3D printing of samples intended for property measurement and scaffold-like designs. All printed samples undergo sintering at 1300 °C for 1 h. Comprehensive analyses, including X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, biodegradation testing, and MTT cell viability assays, are conducted on the calcined material both before and after the additive manufacturing process. The sintered material exhibits mechanical properties comparable to synthetic hydroxyapatite, with a relative density of 81.5 %, compressive strength of 75.8 MPa, tensile strength of 12 MPa, Young's modulus of 3.08 GPa, and Vickers hardness of 0.55 GPa. No significant changes in phase or chemical composition are detected as a result of material sintering. The measured average calcium-to-phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio of 1.65 confirms the calcium-deficient nature of bone mineral. The sintered samples demonstrate promising degradation potential in a TRIS-HCl buffer solution (pH 7.4) and exhibit an average cell viability of 87.7 % (with a maximum of 97.7 %) in the MTT cell viability assay. These findings position the allograft material as an excellent candidate for the fabrication of complex bone implants and provide valuable baseline data, derived from human bone mineral, for enhancing synthetic calcium-phosphate ceramics.
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