Аннотация:The calculation of the Earth’s insolation with high spatial and temporal resolution made it possible to calculate solar characteristics that reflect changes in astronomical factors regulating variations in the incoming solar radiation and in the intensity of radiative heat transfer (meridional, in the ocean–continent system, and interhemispheric). In accordance with this, the astronomical theory of climate change has been modernized on the Holocene scale. Based on the synchronization of global climatic events with extremes of solar characteristics in the Holocene and Late Pleistocene, a method of solar geochronology is proposed, which makes it possible to clarify the chronology of global climatic events and explain their origin.