Tomographic Methods for Studying the Upper Atmosphere and Near-Earth Space: Current State and Development Prospectsстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 30 июля 2025 г.
Аннотация:The review examines the physical and mathematical statements of the tomography problem in application to remote sounding of the atmosphere and near-Earth space. Special attention is given to ionospheric sounding using satellite beacon signals from low Earth orbit (LO) (Parus/Transit/Cassiope, etc.), medium Earth orbit (MO), and high Earth orbit (HO) (GPS/GLONASS and new global satellite navigation systems). The capabilities and limitations of 2D LO and 4D HO ionospheric radio tomography (RT) methods are discussed, along with the results of radiotomographic reconstruction of electron density distributions at various latitudes in the natural and artificialy disturbed ionospheric conditions. Separately considered is the problem of studying small-scale ionospheric irregularities based on satellite signal amplitude scintillation data. Issues of implementation of such sounding schemes in high latitudes using GPS/GLONASS signals are discussed. The review also explores the prospects of tomographic systems for sounding the upper atmosphere given the significantly reduced number of LO satellites, the potential for installing satellite beacons on new platforms (CubeSat), and the use of RT methods in ultraviolet tomography of the upper atmosphere. The first results obtained using the MAYAK dual-frequency (150/400 MHz) coherent signal transmitter onboard the Ionosphere-M satellites of the Russian project “Ionozond” are presented.