Micromorphological Features and Formation of the Cultural Layer in the Early Medieval Town of Dzhankent Eastern Aral Sea Region, Kazakhstan)

Karpova, J.O.; Bronnikova, M.A.; Lebedeva, M.P.; Arzhantseva, I.A.; Härke, H.

Авторы: Karpova J.O., Bronnikova M.A., Lebedeva M.P., Arzhantseva I.A., Härke H.
Журнал: Eurasian Soil Science
Том: 58
Год издания: 2025
Издательство: Maik Nauka/Interperiodica Publishing
Местоположение издательства: Russian Federation
Первая страница: 36
Последняя страница: 36
DOI: 10.1134/S1064229324604141
Аннотация: This paper presents the results of a study on the stratigraphy, morphology, micromorphology, andchemical and physicochemical characteristics of the cultural layer in the residential area of the Early Medievaltown of Dzhankent (Eastern Aral Sea region, Kazakhstan). The town is located in an arid paleodeltaiclandscape with a dynamic water supply. Sets of diagnostically significant micromorphological features aredescribed, including: (1) features resulting from anthropogenic input and redistribution of matter (plantdetritus, phytoliths, bone fragments, etc.); (2) pedofeatures resulting from the transformation of humanintroducedmaterial (pyrogenic forms of carbonates, organic and phosphate-organic pedofeatures); and(3) pedofeatures consisting of carbonates, gypsum, and iron oxides, mainly associated with natural processes.Stratigraphic units of the cultural layer, along with the processes and conditions of their formation, weredefined, and the archaeological context was interpreted for each lithostratigraphic unit based on their morphologicaland analytical characteristics. The upper stratigraphic unit consists of the destruction products ofclayey adobes, with ash interlayers, some of which are stratigraphically traceable and may correspond to fireevents. The middle unit comprises residential and domestic sediments, including a series of living surfaces,and contains an ash layer possibly resulting from a fire event. The lower unit is composed of alluvial-deltaicdeposits slightly impacted by residential activities and periodically affected by fluctuating groundwater. Thedistribution of organic carbon and phosphorus in the cultural layer correlates well with the observed organicsubstrates at the macrostratigraphic level, being significantly higher in loose layers rich in plant detritus, charcoals,ash, and bones. However, the analytical characteristics of the cultural layer (pH, electrical conductivity,contents of organic carbon, phosphorus, carbonates, and gypsum), determined from homogenized samplesof the stratigraphic units, do not always align with the composition observed at the micromorphologicallevel (abundance of micro-artifacts, anthropogenic and natural microfeatures). These discrepancies are primarilydue to the extremely high lateral and microstratigraphic heterogeneity of the cultural layer.
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Micromorphological Features and Formation of the Cultural Layer in the Early Medieval Town of Dzhankent Eastern Aral Sea Region, Kazakhstan)статья

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