Аннотация:Physical regularities of the formation of a spatial structure of proteins duringfolding are reviewed. The formation of sign-alternating chiral hierarchies in macromolecularstructures of proteins is considered. A relationship between the chiral formof a drug and its bioactivity is discussed. The authors’ methods for assessing chiralityof helical and superhelical structures of proteins are presented. The location of the secondarystructures and coiled coils in polypeptide chains are analyzed. General and specificproperties are revealed for all the studied classes. A model of the formation of aright-handed α-helix is considered on the basis of a two-particle model of motion in theLennard–Jones potential and a method for estimating the chirality of helical and superhelicalprotein structures.