Аннотация:In recent decades, new convincing evidence has been obtained to confirm the truth of D.I. Mendeleev’s concept of the inorganic deep origin of oil and gas deposits. These include experimental work on synthesis of hydrocarbons in different ranges of simulated depths of the Earth’s crust and mantle, geological observations of oil replenishment in active and depleted wells by upward migration of deep hydrocarbon fluids and thermodynamic justifications.