Аннотация:The study of molecular and genetic mechanisms of sex determination in the poplar is of interest
not only in the fundamental science, but also in the applied research. In landscaping of large settlements, it
is advisable to use male individuals of the Populus genus due to their hypoallergenicity and increased resistance to environmental pollution, stress conditions, and pathogens. However, sex determination in poplars is
complicated by the complex genetic structure of the sex-determining region of the genome (SDR). In this
review, the emergence, evolution, structure, and function of the SDR in the genus Populus are discussed.
Current insights into the structure and function of the key regulator of sex selection in poplars, orthologue of
the ARR16/ARR17 gene and the possible roles of other genes that are differentially expressed between male
and female plants, including microRNAs, in this process are discussed in detail. The great diversity of species
and the high complexity of SDR organization justify the need for further study of the molecular mechanisms
of sex determination in poplars.