Место издания:Naučno-stručno društvo za zaštitu životne sredine Srbije ECOLOGICA Беглрад, Сербия
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Аннотация:Most botanical-ecological projects in Donbass are implemented in the framework of theScientific School «Industrial Botany». All these projects are aimed at studying the mechanismsof adaptation of natural objects to conditions of geochemical and (or) geophysicalstress. Since 1996, numerous phytomonitoring technologies have been developed to estimatethe anthropogenic load. Under modern conditions of military activities (since 2014), thesemethodologies were reoriented to determine the environmental toxicity after explosions andlandscape disturbance from military operations. In many cases, it is more reasonable to carryout studies using express techniques in field conditions. Thereby, all obtained data are georeferencedto plot important information in maps or functional schemes.A crucial part of expert botanical supervisions is element analysis of plant samples. This workis carried out by scientists of the Department of Botany and Ecology of the Donetsk StateUniversity in cooperation with following organizations: Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistryand Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,Dubna; Donetsk State University (Department of Analytical Chemistry).The peculiarities of migration flows of the following chemical elements during military activitieshave been established for disturbed Donbass ecosystems: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc,Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Cd, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd,Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Hg, Pb, Th, U. Results of these studies are reported in separatepublications.It was established that pollution from military events for each definite case follows a peculiarscenario, but the majority of analyzed samples demonstrate the common signs of plantsuppression (species Amblystegium subtile (Hedw.) Schimp., Brachythecium campestre(Müll.Hal.) Bruch et al., Bryum argenteum Hedw., Bryum caespiticium Hedw., Bryum capillareHedw., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Centaurea diffusa Lam., Ceratodon purpureus(Hedw.) Brid, Cichorium intybus L., Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC., Echium vulgare L., Plantagomajor L., Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp., Reseda lutea L., Senecio vulgaris L.,Tanacetum vulgare L., Tragopogon major Jacq., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip.)based on such indicator features of their structure: trychomes in the leaf structure, the shapeand condition of the leaf blade, the architectonics of the stem, the shape of the shoot, thetissues of the embryo, the surface of the seeds, the details of the flower and inflorescencestructure.The obtained data were verified by methods of mathematical statistics (principal componentanalysis, all variants of correlation analysis, and R-modeling) and modeling the processes andtrends of environmental transformation. These methods make it possible not only toreconstruct missing data and to unravel the cause-and-effect relationships, but also to forecastthe pollution of some ecosystems using separate elements or functional state of plants.The task has been completed within the framework of the youth laboratory «Diagnostics andmechanisms of adaptation of natural and anthropogenically transformed ecosystems ofDonbass» (№ 1023110700153-4-1.6.19;1.6.11;1.6.12).
