Аннотация:Currently, the migration decline of population from the Trans-Baikal Territory is becoming alarming and causes concern. For the first time in modern history the population of the region fell sharply below the mark of one million people. In the article the author examines the reasons for such an intensive outflow of population from the Trans-Baikal Territory and its irreversible consequences. The article describes some steps taken to improve the situation and to preserve the population in this region by both federal and local authorities.