Аннотация:For many years of industrialization, an unfavorable environmental situation has developed in Donbass (Northern Azov region). This is due to the activities of mining enterprises –primarily coal extraction. The main pollutants are metallurgical and chemical plants. High levels of pollution affect the oppression of the state of all life processes, not only plants and animals, but also humans. In such conditions, industrial botany is an important scientific and applied task. This is a set of measures for detoxification of natural environments, landscaping, reclamation, phytoindication and a detailed assessment of the state of ecosystems.The flora of the central Donbass counts 2,060 species of vascular plants belonging to 713 genera and 143 families. Today 164 species of flowering plants and 64 species of bryophytes are involved in the phytoindication experiment (using the example of technogenic ecotopes of Donbass). The main phytoindication monitoring program is based on the signs of plant structure. As a rule, these are species with a wide ecological amplitude. Representatives of Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Boraginaceae, Plantaginaceae, Pottiaceae, Bryaceae and Brachtheciaceae are characterized by resistance to industrial pollution.Among the marker characteristics of pollution, detailed signs of the structure of cells, tissues and parts of organs were distinguished. Vegetative and generative organs of plants were analyzed separately. The features of the accumulation of heavy metals and associated pollutants in certain parts of the plant were traced. Groups of hyperaccumulator plants and transformer species were identified for toxic natural environments: air, soil and water. These plants play an important role in pollution reduction processes, but at the same time they are indicators. Among the main information features in the structure of plants we distinguished: trychomes in the leaf structure, the shape and condition of the leaf blade, the architectonics of the stem, the shape of the shoot, the tissues of the embryo, the surface of the seeds, the details of the flower and inflorescence structure. We also studied the dynamics (from 1996 to 2023) of the appearance of abnormalities (ugly forms) of plant structure (in appearance, for seeds, fruits, pollen). Air pollution also worsens in the summer when a large number of pollen grains enter the atmosphere. This affects the health of the local population due to allergies. A special account of new species (quarantine) is being carried out. Such species significantly change plant communities in their standard state, which creates a danger to the sustainability of ecosystems.Ecological scales and ranges of morphological plasticity of native plant species have been created to assess pollution. Special indexes are plotted on the maps of the area. This allows to track the territories of ecological disaster and risk for living. All the indicators that the botanists of Donetsk National University receive are taken into account in the special State Committee for Environmental Policy in the Donetsk People's Republic. Thanks to the recommendations of scientists, the exchange of experience in landscaping and design of industrial enterprises is carried out.
