Аннотация:Mitochondria carry various intracellular functions including production of pro- and anti-survival signals and are crucial to determine the incidence and progression of different pathologies where ROS play high role.ROS are a pathogenic factor in numerous renal pathologies.The down-regulation of the ROS levels in the tissue is a strategy for rescuing oxidative-stress-mediated renal damage.Use of mitochondria-targeted drugs quenching ROS may serve this goal.The output of this strategy is not only a recovery of an injured cell but also normalization of the organ and organism state. While the role of the mitochondrion in a cell death has been already confirmed, mitochondrial role in the organ failure and organism death stays suggestive. We used mitochondria-targeted drugs SkQ1 and SkQR1, antioxidants which alleviated the consequences of renal and brain ischemia-reperfusion, ischemic bladder, crush syndrome,pyelonephritis and gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. It gives an evidence that normalization of the ROS level normalizes organ functioning. The damaged area and the functional activity of ischemic brain were dependent on the kidney functioning with normalization by the measures quenching oxidative stress. Preconditioning of the kidney essentially diminished the brain damage and improved functional tests.Apparently,the cross talk between kidney and the brain is realized through a release of protective signaling molecules from the kidney which rescued neuronal structures from a damage caused by oxidative stress.Erythropoietin produced by the kidney may be one of these protectants.Under critical conditions yielding a kidney failure and organism death mitochondrial antioxidants rescue the organism from a death.ROS homeostasis in mitochondria and cells is a critical factor to be considered in the strategy to protect from a number of renal pathologies mediated by oxidative stress. The kidney plays important role in protective mechanisms and affords protection of other organs and organism itself. The analysis suggests that mitochondrially- derived pattern scan hyperactivate immunesystem and this overstimulation may be responsible for the multipleorgan failure and the organism death.