Аннотация:We discuss advances achieved over the past 20 years in physical experiments on measuring the gravity-inertial background of Earth's surface assotiated with astrodinamical, geodinamical and geophysical effects generated by Earth's inertial gravity and thermodinamics and by its diurnal and orbital rotation. We discuss a unique instrument, a large-scale Sagnac ringlaser interferometer, with a record high sensitivity to variations in the rotation rate and inclination of the laboratory reference frame, as well as to the rotational asymmetry of the optical refractive index of a medium, including a vacuum. These tools allow obtaining knowledge thatis simultaneously valuable for elementary particle physics, quantum field theory, laser physics, astrometry, global geodinamics, and seismology. Applications may consist in an early forecast of global cataclisms such as earthquakes and progress in the metrology of angular measurements.