Аннотация:Human populations exhibit morphologicaldifferences in their nasal cavities that are correlatedwith eco-geographic factors (temperature,humidity). Less is known about the morphologicalvariation of the nasal airway, which is the negativespace dened by the respiratory epithelium liningthe nasal cavity. Yet, this key anatomical region isthe rst to be involved in respiration and air conditioning.To explore climate-related variation of thenasal airway shape, we studied in vivo CT scansof 195 (96 females and 99 males) adult individualsfrom France, South Africa, Russia, Cambodiaand Chile. The reconstructed 3D meshes of thenasal airways were analyzed with a landmark-freesurface deformation method, that allowed aquantication of the morphological variation.Besides producing a visualization of the meanshapes of the nasal airway for each population,sex and age category, we provided additionalinformation regarding the morphological differencesbetween the groups. Indeed, the results ofthe PCA highlighted signicant inter-populationshape differences in the nasal airway. However,no signicant intra-population differences (sexand age) were found. Beyond the expected variationin nasal airway main dimensions, parallelingthose of the nasal cavity, we also observed thatthe meati curvature and the position of the nasalopenings were highly variable aspects of the nasalpassages. This study is the rst to documentnasal airway’s morphological variation basedon a large multi-regional sample. It will enable apopulation-based approach when addressingthe inuence of environmental factors on nasalmorphology, e.g. in computational uid dynamicsstudies.