Eye spectral sensitivity in fresh- and brackish-water populations of three glacial-relict Mysis species (Crustacea): Physiology and genetics of differential tuningстатья
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Аннотация:Absorbance spectra of single rhabdoms were studied by microspectrophotometry (MSP) and spectral sensitivities of whole eyes by electroretinography (ERG) in three glacial-relict Mysis species. In 8 populations from Fennoscandian fresh-water lakes (L) and 7 populations from the brackish-water Baltic Sea (S), L spectra were systematically red-shifted by 20-30 nm compared with S spectra. The difference holds across species and bears no consistent adaptive relation to the current light environments. Our main model L-S pair, two populations of M. relicta (Lp and Sp), differ by 26 nm in λmax without apparent opsin-gene or chromophore (A1) differences. Experiments with spectrally selective bleaching showed the presence of two rhodopsins (λmax ≈ 525-530 nm, MWS, and 565-570 nm, LWS) expressed in different proportions and predominantly or wholly located in different photoreceptor cells. LWS is the majority pigment in Lp, MWS in Sp. ERG responses to linearly polarized light indicated polarization selectivity of cells dominated by the minority pigment in both populations. We propose that the pattern of development of LWS and MWS photoreceptors in all species is governed by a reaction norm conserved from a common ancestor, responsive to some environmental signal(s) other than light that generally differ(s) between lakes and sea.