Аннотация:Various types of natural diamond-bearing rocks from cosmic objects to the Earth's crustal rocks are well known now. There are gigantic cosmic bodies composed of diamond substance, meteorites, impactites, mantle peridotites and eclogites (from depths 150-200 km), ultra-high pressure rocks (from depths up to 700 km), kimberlites and lamproites, ophiolites, metamorphic rocks, calc-alkaline lamprophyres (minett), komatiites, foliated plutonic rocks, and carbonatite complexes. All of these rocks were formed at different time intervals, environment, physical and chemical conditions of rocks and minerals crystallization, including diamond. Therefore, diamonds are varying in sizes, shapes, structures, physical properties, admixtures, etc.
After consideration of different genetic types of diamonds it is possible to conclude: there are typical spatial and timing scales of these diamond genesis.
According to the spatial scale there are: 1. Diamonds with genesis associated with evolution of cosmic space (cosmic, meteoritic and impact diamonds); 2. Diamonds with genesis associated with geodynamical processes of the Earth evolution (the whole range of diamonds from mantle, kimberlites, lamproites, metamorphic rock, lamprophyres, komatiites and carbonatite complexes).
Accordingly it is possible to suggest a timing scale for these spatial groups: 1. Giant cosmic diamonds (11 Ga) → diamonds from meteorites (4-5 Ga) → impact diamonds (37 Ma – Popigay structure age); 2. Mantle diamonds (4 Ga – diamonds) → metamorphic diamonds (4-0.42 Ga, limited by the residential time of crustal rocks within mantle depths) → diamonds from kimberlites and lamproites (3.3-0.02 Ga) → diamonds from lamprophyres (2.67–2.7 Ga) → diamonds from komatiites (1.9 Ga) → diamonds from carbonatite complexes (0.25-0.2 Ga).
Undoubtedly, this is approximate assessment, but we are going to estimate a timing scale of different diamond types genesis with the improvement of our knowledge about the processes of different rocks formation, their composition, Pt-conditions and other parameters more and more closer to the time of formation, which can be proven accurately.