ИСТИНА

Bone tissue engineering is performed to replace lost or injured tissue with a bioactive scaffold. However, despite the numerous attempts to fabricate a suitable implant for bone tissue healing, realizing rapid recovery of bone injuries remains a challenge. However, the use of HA-ceramics and its mixtures is limited owing to their properties, such as bioresorption, which do not match the required criteria. The complex chemical composition of the scaffold is a key feature that endows the material with a set of biological properties and determines its behavior during the resorption process within the body. Traditional bioceramics with a simple chemical composition based on the main biogenic elements (calcium, phosphorus, oxygen) have limited possibilities to improve their functional properties. It appears that the compexity of the chemical composition of the inorganic matrix is in line with the advancement of the regenerative medicine approach - to stimulate the body to produce the neccesary substances for therapy (the body as a drug factory). The porosity of the bone scaffold is another key property. The high porosity of the implant increases its permeability and facilitates the ingrowth of bone tissue, vessels, and nerves, and simultaneously, promotes the delivery of nutrients and removal of cell waste products, thus improving the overall resorption. The high porosity of the implant also deteriorates its mechanical properties. Thus, the need to produce an implant with a specific complex architecture has facilitated the use of a tailored structure with a defined pore orientation.