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Activation of C-H bonds in aromatic compounds is a powerful modern method for the construction of various heterocycles. The aim of this talk is to provide a critical and practice oriented review of this approach. This will be complemented by discussion of our recent studies on convenient methods for the synthesis of rhodium catalysts for C–H activation. We found that such catalysts can be prepared in one or two steps by unusual cyclization of several alkyne molecules into cyclopentadienyl ligands [1,2]. Our rhodium complexes promote activation of CH bonds in aryl hydroxamic acids giving valuable dihydro-isoquinolones in excellent yields with high regio- and stereoselectivity.