ИСТИНА

The Moscow University is implementing the scientific and educational space project Sozvezdie-270, within the framework of which an orbital group of nano-satellites of the CubeSat format is being deployed. To date, 20 spacecraft have been launched, of which 9 are functioning in orbit. The main objectives of the experiments on these satellites are monitoring the effects of space weather and electromagnetic transients of various origin. For this purpose, special instruments have been developed that ensure the detection of various components of space radiation in near-Earth space, including fluxes of gamma quanta and charged particles, mainly electrons of sub-relativistic energies. In 2024, various space weather phenomena were observed, including the filling of the polar caps with particles of solar cosmic rays, changes in the spatial structure of the outer radiation belt during geomagnetic disturbances caused, among other things, by active processes on the Sun, as well as electron precipitation from the radiation belts. Of particular interest are the studies of such phenomena during extreme events in May, August and October 2024. The report presents the results of multi-satellite observations of such effects onboard the spacecraft of Moscow University. Changes in the trapped electron fluxes on different drift shells before, during and after geomagnetic disturbances, as well as the dynamics of radiation fields in near-Earth space caused by solar energetic particles and coronal mass ejections are considered. Changes in the fluxes of precipitating electrons on drift shells L ~ 1.6 - 1.9 at different levels of geomagnetic activity are analyzed, in particular during the geomagnetic disturbances of August 11-12, 2024. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that multi-satellite observations are very effective for a comprehensive study of space weather phenomena, especially in terms of separating spatial and temporal effects. Information on the dynamics of particle fluxes in near-Earth space obtained during extreme geomagnetic events in 2024 indicates that such processes have a significant impact on radiation conditions in near-Earth space, which is why there is a need to ensure their continuous monitoring, including with the help of small spacecraft constellations.