ИСТИНА

Major peculiarity of BC pollution and sources are highlighted in Moscow, largest northernmost European megacity, with gas-fueled heating system and absence of residential biomass burning. Upgrade to European phenomenology supports the harmonization of BC measurements allowed for comparisons between cities; two and a half-year mean BC in Moscow urban background is found significantly less than in France, Spain and Greece, and no difference with UB sites in Northern, North-Western, Eastern Europe, and in Netherlands, Germany. Annually average Moscow monthly eBC concentrations characterized by increased values in August and September, different from European UB with prominent winter SF residential heating impact.