ИСТИНА

We discuss bio-labeling using NDs Raman and fluorescence. Example of tracking ND into different cell lines/microorganisms and using laser tweezer to manipiluate ND particles are demonstrated. To prepare ND for drrug dellivery, the interaction of ND of different sizes and ND in complex with biologically active molecules (proteins, drugs) with blood cells and blood proteins; with special focus on the ND with immune responsive macrophage cells, and with red blood cell (RBC) in vitro and in vivo. This allows discussing the mechanisms of ND interaction with RBC membrane, influence on the membrane structure and effects on the RBC mechanical properties, which in turn significantly affect the blood rheology.The mechanisms of ND engulfment by macrophage were analyzed via alternatively blocking different possible pathways. ND was found non-cytotoxic to macrophages and can be engulfed by macrophages through the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Upon internalization, ND in cytoplasm is entrapped in lysosomes; it does not activate transcriptional factors nor induce macrophages to produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines. ND effects on oxygenation and deoxygenation processes of whole RBC and of hemoglobin solution are compared. It was shown that preliminary modification of ND surface with blood plasma protein albumin significantly increases the biocompatibility of ND at its interaction with blood, including its effects on RBC functioning and on blood plasma composition and properties, particularly, decreasing the uncontrollable adsorption of plasma components.