ИСТИНА

Introduction. Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) is a well-known phenomenon, which manifests itself as the temporary forgetting of related non-target information as a consequence of selective retrieval of target information. The current study aimed to replicate this effect and to examine the electrophysiological correlates associated with it in order to further the understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Methods. Ten healthy right-handed adults (8 females; M=18.5 years; SD=1.18) participated. The stimuli consisted of 196 same-sized (400x400) black-and-white illustrations, divided into 14 semantic categories. The experiment was based on the retrieval-practice paradigm, consisting of 3 phases – study, retrieval practice and test phases – as well as two 4-minute distractor tasks (solving simple arithmetic problems) before and after retrieval practice. Initially, participants were presented with 112 randomly selected stimuli (for 3000 ms each), one object at a time, which they were to memorize. Subsequently, they were given the task to practice retrieving a subset of the studied stimuli by determining which in the shown (for 2500 ms) pair of objects was studied beforehand. During the third and final phase, the recognition test, participants were tasked with identifying studied stimuli mixed in with the novel ones (each was shown for 2500 ms) and responding whether they have seen them before. This paradigm creates three types of stimuli: Rp+ (studied stimuli that appeared during retrieval practice), Rp- (studied unpracticed stimuli from the practiced semantic category) and NRp (studied stimuli from the unpracticed category).Throughout the experiment, the 60-channel electroencephalogram was recorded. During the recognition test, we recorded evoked potentials (EP) for presented stimuli, which then were sorted into Rp+, Rp- and NRp. Results. Analyzing the results of the recognition tests, participants showed improvements in recognition of Rp+ stimuli (59%) relative to Nrp (50%), (t(9)=4.70, p=.001; Cohen's d=1.49, CI95%=0.55-2.37). It was also shown that retrieval practice impaired recognition for related non-target stimuli, as the recognition performance for Nrp (50%) was higher than for Rp- (29%) (t(9)=7.81, p<.001; Cohen’s d=2.47, CI95%=1.18-3.74).According to the psychophysiological data, EP for Rp- and NRp stimuli significantly differed (T-test, p<.05) in frontal and frontotemporal topographic region (AF8, F6, F8, FT8, F7 и FT7). Conclusion. The detected differences indicate an increase in the activity of the frontal cortex during the manifestation of the RIF phenomenon, which, in our opinion, speaks in favor of increased cognitive control inhibiting the retrieval of related non-target information.