ИСТИНА

On the example of the Zhigulevskaya hydroelectric power plant (HPP), located on the Volga River near the city of Tolyatti, the vibrations of the dam, soils and structures caused by the operation of the hydraulic structure on the territory located near the dam are analyzed. The vibrations create dangerous situations for this territories and the hydraulic structure. In combination with other crisis factors, such as changes in the intensity of geodynamic processes in tectonic faults located in the immediate vicinity of the dam and reservoir, changes in the hydrological regime of the river as a result of climate fluctuations, man-made seismicity, which was not and could not be taken into account when designing hydraulic structures, creates a poorly studied and not standardized threat to buildings, life and health of people. The accelerated destruction of buildings and the deterioration of the well-being of residents under the influence of the vibration of residential buildings should be considered as an environmental emergency or as a crisis situation for both the territories and the hydroelectric power plant. The authorities of the Togliatti and hydroelectric power managers conducted a number of field and bench experiments to determine the vibration load on the territory, banks and buildings located near the dam. Visual and instrumental monitoring of the vibration load on buildings and structures is carried out, appeals are sent to government organizations, as a result of which changes are made to the operating modes of the dam. Unfortunately, the issue of rational management of the HPP and the legal status of the adjacent territory has not yet been resolved, since not only in Russia, but also in other countries, there are no laws regulating the interaction of hydroelectric power companies and municipalities in the areas closest to the dam that are exposed to intense vibration. The sustainable operation of the HPP and the sustainable functioning of the territories require legal regulations that are mandatory for hydroelectric power engineers and for the authorities of the city of Togliatti. There are difficulties in limiting new construction in the immediate vicinity of hydroelectric facilities, including due to vibration effects. The paper considers ways to solve the problem of development of territories located near the dam. The article presents the results of the experience of interaction between municipal authorities and hydropower companies in the area of Zhigulevskaya HPP, the current Russian laws, the world legislative experience in the field of ensuring the safety of dams and territories, and the analysis of possible approaches to solving this issue within the framework of existing Russian legislation. The special status of the dam territories at the federal level with separate regulations for their operation is proposed.